2024 WADDINGTON MEDAL WINNER: JEAN-PAUL VINCENT

We are very pleased to announce that this year’s Waddington medal winner is Jean-Paul Vincent, Principal Group Leader at the Francis Crick Institute. His fundamental discoveries have helped shape developmental biology as we know it, and his work has created new links between developmental biology and a number of other disciplines.

The Waddington Medal is the only national award in Developmental Biology. It honours outstanding research performance as well as services to the subject community. This year’s medal was awarded at the European Developmental Biology Congress, hosted by the BSDB at Oxford, where the recipient presented the Waddington Medal Lecture.

 

 

Originally trained as an engineer and physicist, JP Vincent became a developmental biologist by accident, when his PhD advisor George Oster, a mechanical engineer turned biologist, suggested that he look at the fluid dynamics of Xenopus eggs. He was lucky to be hosted by John Gerhart for the wet part of this project and was quickly taken by the warmth of the developmental biology community and the range of questions that developmental biology addresses. Since then, JP has been inspired by classical questions of developmental biology such as axis formation, cell fate determination, morphogen gradient formation and tissue renewal, and strived to bring methods from other disciplines to address them. His work has questioned established dogma, uncovered new mechanisms, and brought outsiders into the developmental biology field.

JP’s work has been a firework of exciting and fundamental discoveries that have helped shape developmental biology as we know it. JP’s PhD led him to uncover the subcortical rotation, which specifies the embryonic axis of frog embryos (1). Towards the end of his PhD, molecular biology began to permeate developmental biology and he felt that he had to be part of this revolution. He was thrown in the deep end by joining the lab of Pat O’Farrell and became fascinated by the process of cell fate specification. With this in mind, he developed, in collaboration with Tim Mitchison, the first photoactivable lineage tracer and used this to show that ‘posterior identity’, as recognised by the expression of engrailed, was stable but still open to change in response to signalling.

JP’s interest in the signaling pathways that control engrailed expression led to a love affair with Wnt signaling. In one early line of research, he showed that   Catenin exists in two exchangeable pools, one devoted to cell adhesion and the other to Wnt signaling, suggesting an intimate connection between signalling and morphogenesis (2). This paradigm-building discovery remains integral to our understanding of the Wnt signalling pathway. Influenced by discussions with Peter Lawrence, JP realized that it was important to determine the range of Wnt and other signaling proteins. Over the years, JP has identified many relevant factors and processes (e.g. endocytic trafficking, glypicans and feedback inhibitors) and has demonstrated their function in shaping Wingless morphogen gradients. In recent collaborative work with the group of Yvonne Jones, JP’s group showed how the carboxylesterase Notum inactivates Wnts in the extracellular space and how the glypican Dally-like accommodates the Wnt lipid (3-4). His discoveries, fuelled by extraordinary creativity and scientific playfulness, have provided a comprehensive model for how a paradigm morphogen gradient is created and maintained. His interest in the spread of signalling molecules has led him to another long-standing collaboration, with Guillaume Salbreux. Together, they showed that GFP could be repurposed as a morphogen, a key step towards synthetic developmental biology (5).

Throughout the course of his career, JP has created many new links between developmental biology and other disciplines, most prominently cell biology, physics, structural biology and chemistry. He has contributed to adapting various techniques to the needs of developmental biology. For example, he used HRP fusion proteins to track Wingless by EM. His senior scientific officer, Cyrille Alexandre, was the first to adapt CRISPR to Drosophila. He then devised sophisticated genome engineering approaches to express reporters and modified proteins from endogenous loci. Recently, with Yohanns Bellaiche, he developed optogenetic tools to control gene expression with unparalleled spatiotemporal precision. JP embodies the true spirit of collegiality in our community and generously shares reagents as soon as they are useable.

JP has contributed to a lively discourse within the developmental biology community. He has organised many conferences, including a BSDB spring meeting, two Developmental Biology Gordon conferences and two Jacques Monod conferences on Developmental mechanisms. JP was a member of the BSDB committee from 2000 to 2005 and of the BSCB committee from 2010 to 2015. He has served as an editor at Developmental Biology, Science Signalling and Phil Trans B. He is (or has been) on the scientific advisory board/review panel of various developmental biology departments (Curie’s Unit of Genetics and Developmental Biology, EMBL’s department of Developmental Biology, Institute de Biologie du Development de Marseille, Toulouse’s Centre for Integrative Biology, the Gurdon Institute, VIB’s department of Developmental Biology). He has lectured on morphogens and morphogenesis not only in academic settings but also at the University of the Third Age and to undergraduates at Cambridge and UCL. JP has mentored many young developmental biologists both within and outside his group, and many of his trainees have developed into independent developmental biologists.

  • Alex Gould
  • Ottoline Leyser
  • Eugenia Piddini

Key papers

Seminal early work:

Vincent, J.-P., Oster, G.F., and Gerhart, J.C. (1986). Kinematics of grey crescent formation in Xenopus eggs: The displacement of subcortical cytoplasm relative to the egg surface. Dev. Biol. 113, 484-500. PMID: 3949075

Sanson, B., White, P., and Vincent, J.-P. (1996) Uncoupling Cadherin-based adhesion from Wingless signalling in Drosophila. Nature 383, 627-630. PMID: 8857539

Kakugawa, S.*, Langton, P.F.*, Zebisch, M.*, Howell, S., Chang, T.H., Liu, Y, Feizi, T., Bineva, G., O’Reilly, N., Snijder, A., Jones, Y. @, Vincent, J.P.@ (2015) Notum deacylates Wnt proteins to suppress signalling activity. Nature, 519, 187-192. PMID: 25731175

McGough, I.J.*, Vecchia, L.*, Bishop, B., Malinauskas, T., Beckett, K., Joshi, D., O’Reilly, N., Siebold, C., Jones, E.Y@ and Jean-Paul Vincent@ (2020) Glypicans shield the lipid moiety of Wnts to enable signalling at a distance. Nature, 585, 85-90. PMID: 32699409

Staporwongkul, K., de Gennes,M., Cocconi, L., Salbreux,G.*, and Vincent, J.-P.*. Patterning and growth control in vivo by an engineered GFP gradient. (2020) Science, 370, 321–327.

Join us at the Joint BSDB / Genetics Society Spring Meeting 2024

Joint BSDB / Genetics Society Spring Meeting on Developmental Genetics

Registration Now Open

  • Dates: 15th-18th April 2024
    Primary location: University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
    Organisers: Shankar Srinivas (BSDB), Tom Bennett (BSDB), Stefan Hoppler (GenSoc), David Ferrier (GenSoc), Helen Weavers (BSDB)

 

The British Society for Developmental Biology and the Genetics Society are pleased to announce a joint spring meeting on:

“Developmental Genetics”

We have put together an exciting and diverse programme on original perspectives in Developmental Genetics. Session topics will range from the role of Epigenetics and the Environment to Hormones, not only in Development but also in tissue Remodelling and Regeneration. The meeting will also showcase novel approaches for investigating Developmental Genetics from stem cell-mediated Embryoid Models to Mathematical and Computational Modelling. There will be special emphasis on the influence of Evolution and on having representation of a variety of animals and plants in our programme.

We are particularly excited to welcome Professors Dominique Bergmann and Nori Satoh for keynote lectures.

This conference provides the chance to network and socialise with a wide cross-section of the Genetics and Developmental Biology community. We hope you can join us in April 2024 and we look forward to welcoming you!

BSDB/Genetics Society Conference Organising Committee

 

Thanks to all who joined us at:

European Developmental Biology Congress 2023: A distributed meeting across Oxford, Barcelona and Paris

25th-28th September 2023

2023 WADDINGTON MEDAL WINNER: MARYSIA PLACZEK

We are very pleased to announce that this year’s Waddington medal winner is Professor Marysia Placzek, Professor of Developmental Neurobiology at the School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield. Marysia’s research career has led to several key contributions to our understanding of the mechanisms directing patterning of the vertebrate nervous system.

The Waddington Medal is the only national award in Developmental Biology. It honours outstanding research performance as well as services to the subject community. This year’s medal was awarded at the European Developmental Biology Congress, hosted by the BSDB at Oxford, where the recipient presented the Waddington Medal Lecture.

 

Marysia Placzek is an outstanding and internationally leading Developmental Biologist who has made significant contributions to our understanding of how signalling directs patterning of the vertebrate nervous system, and to leadership and pedagogy of the field. Marysia uncovered how tissue interactions and combinations of signals regulate the organisation of cell fate and assembly of neural circuits in the spinal cord and hypothalamus. Her papers are masterworks in precise observation and elegant experimental design, and many have become foundational. As deputy and then acting Director of the MRC Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics (2007-2013), Marysia has been instrumental in building Developmental Biology research at the University of Sheffield. She subsequently established the Bateson Centre, a cross-faculty inter-disciplinary research centre, to provide a focus for translational approaches to development and disease research at the University. In addition to leading research initiatives, Marysia is a passionate Developmental Biology teacher: running modules in Developmental Biology, Developmental Neurobiology, and Stem & Regenerative Biology. She is now bringing this, more than 20 years teaching experience, to a new role as co-editor, along with Cheryll Tickle, of Lewis Wolpert’s core textbook “Principles of Development”.

Following PhD research on proviral integration sites in mouse mammary carcinomas with Gordon Peters at the ICRF (1987-1992), Marysia moved to New York as a post-doc with Jane Dodd at Columbia University. During this time, she made two fundamental, textbook changing, contributions to our understanding of neural development. With Marc Tessier-Lavigne, she demonstrated that spinal cord floor-plate cells secrete a diffusible factor that influences the pattern and orientation of commissural axon growth (Nature 1988); this discovery presaged characterisation of the Netrin family of axon guidance molecules. She then went on to define the crucial role of the notochord/floor plate in patterning the central nervous system along its dorso-ventral axis (Science, 1990). The discovery of this fundamental tissue interaction underpinned the subsequent identification of Sonic hedgehog as the mediator of this activity, a breakthrough to which Marysia also contributed. As an independent investigator, Marysia has focussed on the role of the most anterior axial mesoderm, the prechordal plate, which emerges from the primitive streak just prior to the notochord. Marysia and her team have uncovered the mechanisms by which the prechordal plate orchestrates development of the hypothalamus (Cell 1997) and described the development of hypothalamic progenitors. A key discovery is the existence of a modified floor plate-like cell that displays stem cell-like characteristics and that gives rise to discrete hypothalamic progenitor cell populations, involving a mechanism that links cell specification and anisotropic growth (Developmental Cell 2006; Development 2017). By combining fate-mapping studies, classic embryological manipulations and cutting-edge molecular approaches, Marysia’s work is uncovering the developmental origins of these earliest hypothalamic stem/progenitor cells, and the signals that induce and constrain them (Development 2017; Cell Reports 2022). Together, her studies provide a roadmap for hypothalamic development, from its induction, to regionalisation, to neurogenesis, and challenge the widely accepted prosomere model of forebrain organization. Moreover, Marysia’s identification of this stem-like population in the embryo led to her work in the adult mouse, and one of the first detailed descriptions of the maintenance of neurogenic progenitors in the postnatal hypothalamus (Nature Comms. 2013), a paper that is widely cited as evidence for an adult hypothalamic stem cell niche.

Marysia is an embryologist par excellence and is known for her supportive mentoring of trainees. Her work is characterised by remarkable insight into tissue organisation of the early nervous system and an extraordinary ability to identify, dissect and manipulate unique cell populations. Her independent work has elucidated intrinsic and environmental mechanisms that regulate hypothalamic stem and progenitor cells across the life course. Marysia’s contributions to research have been recognised by award of the Otto Mangold Prize from the German Society for Developmental Biology (1999) and the MRC Suffrage Science Heirloom (2012). She has and continues to take a leading role in the Developmental Biology community and beyond. On return from USA as a new PI and new mother, she ran (with husband Andy Furley), an Autumn meeting for the BSDB (baby on hip), and faithfully sends her students and post-docs to BSDB meetings. Marysia has been a member of numerous funding panels for MRC, BBSRC, CRUK, and Wellcome Trust (see CV) and she is the current Chair of the new Wellcome Cell Biology, Development and Physiology Discovery Advisory Group. She is a very deserving candidate for the Waddington Medal.

  • Kate Storey
  • James Briscoe

Key papers

Seminal early work:

Tessier-Lavigne, M., Placzek, M., Lumsden, A., Dodd, J. and Jessell, T.  (1988) Chemotropic guidance of developing axons in the mammalian central nervous system. Nature 336  775-778.

Placzek M, Tessier-Lavigne M, Yamada T, Jessell TM and Dodd J (1990).  Mesodermal control of neural cell identity:  floor plate induction by the notochord.  Science 250 985-988.

Independent research:

Dale K, Vesque C, Lints T.J. Sampath T.K, Furley A, Dodd J, and Placzek M.  (1997).  Co-operation of BMP7 and SHH in the Induction of forebrain ventral midline cells by prechordal mesoderm.  Cell 90 257-269

Manning E., Ohyama K., Saeger B., Hatano O, Wilson S., Logan M. and Placzek M. (2006).  Regional morphogenesis in the hypothalamus: a BMP-Tbx2 pathway co-ordinates fate and proliferation through Shh downregulation. Developmental Cell 11 873-885

Fu T, Towers M and Placzek M. (2017) Fgf10+ progenitors give rise to the chick hypothalamus by rostral and caudal growth and differentiation. Development 144(18):3278-3288

Kim DW, Place E, Chinnaiya K, Manning E, Sun C, Dai W, Groves I, Ohyama K, Burbridge S, Placzek M, Blackshaw S. (2022) Single-cell analysis of early chick hypothalamic development reveals that hypothalamic cells are induced from prethalamic-like progenitors. Cell Reports 38(3):110251.

Robins S, Stewart I, McNay DE, Taylor V, Giachino C, Goetz M, Ninkovic J, Briancon N, Maratos-Flier E, Flier JS, Kokoeva MV and Placzek M (2013) Alpha-tanycytes of the adult hypothalamic third ventricle include distinct populations of FGF-responsive neural progenitors. Nat. Commun. 4 2049

2023 Wolpert Medal Winner: Jonathan Slack

Following the sad passing of one of the greats of Developmental Biology, Lewis Wolpert, the BSDB committee has decided to launch a new annual medal in his honour. Lewis was well known for his ability to distil our subject’s most engaging and fundamental problems into concise and well-grounded core concepts of Biology. This led to vastly important contributions to research in our field, but also to the communication of its problems to a broader audience. Through teaching, popular science writing and acting as a spokesperson for Science as a whole, Lewis inspired many of us into the deeper study of Developmental Biology. Therefore, our annual ‘Wolpert medal’ will be presented to an individual who has made extraordinary contributions to the teaching and communication of Developmental Biology.We are very happy to announce that the third winner of the BSDB Wolpert medal is Prof. Jonathan Slack from the University of Bath.

Jonathan Slack often modestly states that some of his greatest career achievements were his scientific progeny, and some of these are indeed very good (including Abigail Tucker on our current committee).  But another very special output from Jonathan, besides his science, has been his books, several of which have been very influential over many years:

From Egg to Embryo (1983/1991), was widely lauded as the best overview of developmental biology for those in the field in the 90s and noughties, and was essential reading for all grad students at the time.  Its clarity and breadth are still wonderful.

Egg and Ego: an almost true story of life in the biology lab  (1999), was the “follow up” and is a humous, ironic look at a particular time in science and how folk did/do science.  Most of the stories and the labs and PIs are real, and only thinly disguised.  Not many people would have had the “front” to write such a book, but it gives a fantastic, if slightly skewed, portrayal of how cell and developmental biology actually works in labs, and was very well read and received at the time.

More recently Jonathan has published a number of OUP mini books on dev biology related topics: A very short intro to “Stem Cells”(2012) and  “Genes” (2014), both with very recent 2nd editions.  These are semi-lay books and both are fantastic examples of how to distil lots of stuff into the essence of the topic.  Jonathan is masterful at this.

He is also sole author of a text book, Essential Developmental Biology” used by many dev biol programmes at Universities around the world as their course text book.  While not quite as popular as the Gilbert and Wolpert textbooks, this is a beautifully crisp read and about to enter its 4th Edn (for which Les Dale, another of Jonathan’s progenies in now co-author).

Jonathan was very successful as a scientist; indeed, the BSDB awarded him the Waddington medal in 2002 for his contributions in mesoderm induction, regenerative biology and his cell transdifferention research, but he has also been hugely influential through his books.  We think he is someone who is worthy of both the Waddington medal and the Wolpert medal.

  • Paul Martin
  • Jeremy Green
  • Philip Ingham

2023 BSDB Beddington Medal Winner: Rasa Elmentaite

The Beddington Medal is the BSDB’s major commendation to promising young biologists, awarded for the best PhD thesis in Developmental Biology defended in the year previous to the award. Rosa Beddington was one of the greatest talents and inspirational leaders in the field of developmental biology. Rosa made an enormous contribution to the field in general and to the BSDB in particular, so it seemed entirely appropriate that the Society should establish a lasting memorial to her. The design of the medal, mice on a stylised DNA helix, is from artwork by Rosa herself.

Like many years, it was a tough decision for the BSBD committee to choose a winner for the 2023 Beddington medal. We are pleased to announce that this goes to Rasa Elmentaite, for her PhD work at the Sanger Institute on human gut development.

Rasa completed her PhD early in 2022 under the academic supervision of Sarah Teichmann, and is a phenomenal candidate for this prestigious award owing to a series of outstanding discoveries in human developmental biology. She is an exceptional young scientist with scientific and personal maturity well beyond her career stage and without doubt a future leader in the field.

Rasa received an Integrated BSc and MSc degree in molecular and cell biology from the University of Glasgow. During this time, she actively sought research opportunities and received fellowships for diverse research projects, including working with model organisms to understand intestinal stem cell biology and pain pathways in the central nervous system. Rasa’s active and impactful contribution to diverse research projects, her scientific intuition and independence set her apart early on, and earned her a place in the highly competitive 4-year Wellcome Sanger PhD programme in 2017.

Around that time, our understanding of how the tremendous cellular diversity of the human intestinal tract was generated during development was still in its infancy. Rasa saw how emerging single cell and spatial technologies applied to human tissues – sampled across the lifespan and across the spatial zones of the gut – could fill this gap in an unbiased manner. To achieve her aims, Rasa immediately immersed herself into the genomics field and rapidly built programming and data analysis skills, highlighting an impressive aptitude for research at the interface of wet and dry lab science. Over the course of her PhD, she obtained, processed and analysed human tissue samples from up to 11 intestinal regions and different developmental stages to generate among the first, most comprehensive and finest quality single cell dissections of the developing human intestinal tract. This fantastic achievement was reported in two high impact first author publications (Elmentaite et al., Dev Cell, 2020, 103 citations; Elmentaite et al., Nature, 2021, 117 citations).

Rasa‘s discoveries have changed our understanding of human gut development, with important clinical implications. She charted enteric progenitors as they colonise intestinal tissues and give rise first to specific subsets of enteric neurons, and later to diverse types of supporting glia. She located expression of genes associated with Hirschsprung’s disease (e.g. RET) to specific neural lineages, providing insights into the disease development at early embryonic stages. This has potential implications for treatment and therapy development.

One of her most impressive achievements was, for the first time, to describe the three key cell types that orchestrate lymph node and gut-associated lymphoid tissue formation in human development. This cell circuitry in second trimester human development consists of “lymphoid tissue initiator” and “organizer” cells of lymphoid, mesenchymal and endothelial origin, which signal to recruit other immune cells to orchestrate aggregation at specific gut sites. She revealed a re-initiation of this cellular program during inflammation in paediatric Crohn’s disease, to recruit and retain immune cells to the site of damage. Rasa’s discovery that developmental programmes are adopted in inflammatory bowel disease is one with wide impact for all inflammatory conditions, with potential to inform the design of next generation cell-centred therapeutics.

Rasa’s highly collaborative spirit led to valuable contributions to twelve research projects in human single cell and developmental biology. These include a comparison of cell identity in vivo versus in vitro in intestinal organoids (Beumer et al., Cell, 2020), a collaboration on the developmental origins of neuroblastoma cancers (Kildisciute et al., Science Advances, 2021), and two papers mapping the immune system across organs in development and adult stages (Dominguez-Conde, Xu et al. Science 2022; Suo, Dann, et al. Science 2022). She also led a major effort in reviewing cell lineages that are common across tissues for a review invitation in Nature Reviews Genetics (Elmentaite et al., 2022). This impressive output demonstrates Rasa’s general intellectual curiosity and ability to look beyond her own research programme to wider issues in developmental biology.

As described above, Rasa’s list of achievements during her PhD is nothing short of spectacular and has transformed our understanding of gut development and disease. She is a most worthy winner of the Beddington Medal.

  • Sarah Teichmann

Selected papers:

Elmentaite R, et. al. (2020). Single-Cell Sequencing of Developing Human Gut Reveals Transcriptional Links to Childhood Crohn’s Disease. 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.11.010.

Elmentaite R, et.al. (2021). Cells of the human intestinal tract mapped across space and time. 10.1038/s41586-021-03852-1.